Hírolvasó

The use of Complementary Medicine Products (CMPs) has been increasing worldwide, including among breastfeeding mothers. This study aims to investigate the reasons and associated factors of CMP use among breast...

Emerging knowledge about supportive neurodevelopmental neonatal care shows the need for an individual approach to establish breastfeeding. However, evidence on how cue-based breastfeeding is supported in neona...

Marriage promotes breastfeeding duration through economic and social supports. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected marginalized communities and impacted women’s employment and interpersonal dynam...

The advantages of breastfeeding for maternal and child health have been widely acknowledged on an international scale. However, there is a paucity of research regarding the effectiveness of paternal support in...

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is defined as feeding infants only breast milk of the mother or a wet nurse for the first six months, without additional food or liquids except the oral rehydration solution or dr...

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Secondary data analysis has emerged as an important approach for researchers seeking to explore new research questions using existing datasets. These datasets often comprise large and diverse, as well as longitudinal data, enabling comprehensive analyses that might be impractical through primary data collection alone. This paper discusses the importance of secondary data analysis in breastfeeding research, provides examples of publicly available and restricted datasets containing breastfeeding variables, outlines the methodological steps in conducting secondary data analysis, and discusses common limitations associated with this approach. By emphasizing both the utility and challenges of secondary data analysis, the paper aims to encourage informed use of secondary data analysis to advance knowledge and address important research questions in breastfeeding.

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:Shifts in women’s maternal roles may contribute to the global low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding.Research Aim:To investigate the association between maternal gender-role ideologies and exclusive breastfeeding in rural China.Methods:Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 10 counties in Shaanxi Province using random sampling in 2021 and 2023. Data on breastfeeding practices, maternal gender-role ideology, and expected educational attainment from 586 rural participants were collected through structured questionnaires. Multivariable regression analysis was employed to explore the association between maternal gender-role ideology and exclusive breastfeeding.Results:The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months in rural western China was 18.8%. Women with more egalitarian gender-role ideologies were more likely to engage in exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.04, 1.72]), particularly for female infants (OR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.09, 2.43]). Furthermore, women with stronger egalitarian gender-role ideologies were found to exhibit a greater propensity for financial investment in their children (Beta = 0.20, 95% CI [0.01, 0.40]) and hold higher educational expectations for their daughters (OR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.00, 2.25]).Conclusion:Maternal gender-role ideology positively correlates with exclusive breastfeeding. More policies should be implemented on gender equality in rural China, and cultural perspectives should be incorporated into the analysis of breastfeeding practice.

Early initiation of breastfeeding is defined as giving breast milk to the newborn within one hour of birth. It strengthens the link between mother and child, promotes cognitive development, and lowers the chan...

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:No research has been conducted on the use of deep learning for breastfeeding support.Research Aim:This study aims to develop a nipple trauma evaluation system using deep learning.Methods:We used an exploratory data analysis approach to develop a deep-learning model for medical imaging. Employing object detection and classification, this Japanese study retrieved 753 images from a previous study. The classification protocol, based on the “seven signs of nipple trauma associated with breastfeeding,” categorized the images into eight classes. For practical purposes, the eight original classes were consolidated into four broader categories: “None,” “Minor,” “Moderate,” and “Severe,” using data augmentation procedures that were consistent with the original classification system. The Precision, Recall, Overall Accuracy, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were calculated, and the model’s efficiency was evaluated using Frames Per Second (FPS).Results:The object detector’s high mean average precision and frames per second rate for nipple and areola detection, confirmed exceptional accuracy. The eight-class image classifier returned notable AUC values, with fissures, peeling, purpura, and scabbing exceeding 0.8. The highest average recall and precision was for scabbing, and the lowest for blistering. The four-class classifier accurately predicted severe conditions, with an average AUC > 0.7, whereas categories without classifications and those deemed minor had lower recall and precision rates.Conclusions:A sophisticated deep learning system detects and classifies nipple trauma automatically, potentially aiding breastfeeding caregivers through objective image assessment and operational improvements.Abstract in Japanese背景： 母乳育児支援における深層学習の活用に関する研究は行われていない。目的： 本研究は、深層学習を用いた乳頭損傷評価システムの開発を目的とした。方法： 本研究では、医療画像を用いた深層学習モデルを開発するため、探索的データ分析アプローチを用いた。物体検出および画像分類の技術を用い、日本で行われた先行研究で撮影された753枚の画像を二次解析した。「授乳に伴う乳頭組織の７所見」に基づき、画像を8クラスに分類した。実用性を考慮し、4つの主要カテゴリ「なし」、「軽度」、「中等度」、「重度」の4つのカテゴリに統合し、元の分類システムに一致するデータ拡張を行った。精度、再現率、Overall Accuracy、AUC（曲線下面積）を算出し、モデルの効率はFPS（Frames Per Second）で評価した。結果： 物体検出における高いmAP（平均精度）とFPSが示され、乳頭および乳輪の検出精度が確認された。8クラスの画像分類は、亀裂、皮膚剝離、紫斑、痂皮で0.8を超える顕著なAUC値が得られた。再現率と精度が最も高かったのは痂皮であり、水疱で最も低かった。4クラスの画像分類は重度の状態を正確に予測し、平均AUCは0.7を超えたが、傷なしや軽度とされるカテゴリは再現率と精度が低い結果となった。結論： 深層学習を活用したこの高度なシステムは、乳頭損傷の検出と分類を自動で行うことができ、客観的な画像評価を通じて、母乳育児支援者の教育と業務改善をサポートする有望なツールとなり得る。Back Translation Completed by Hiroko Hongo, MSW, PhD, IBCLC

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:Nipple trauma and pain pose a challenge, leading to premature discontinuation of breastfeeding. Moisturizing therapies, including lanolin and hydrogel dressings, have been proposed for nipple trauma and pain management. Despite the availability of multiple approaches, evidence for moisturizing therapy is lacking.Research Aim:This review aimed to determine the efficacy of moisturizing therapy in treating nipple trauma and nipple pain in lactating women.Methods:A systematic review based on the PRISMA-P guidelines was conducted. Seven databases were systematically searched and screened, and 24 studies were analyzed. The interventions were categorized as high, moderate, or low, based on their moisturization levels. Sample characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were examined.Results:A total of 21 interventions were identified: high moisturization (two types), moderate moisturization (12 types), and low moisturization (seven types). Hydrogel dressings, lanolin, and breast milk are commonly used interventions. Although intervention and effectiveness evaluation methods differed between studies and could not be compared, results in 10 (41%) of the studies demonstrated that one intervention with more moistening was more effective. Of the three studies categorized as including high moistening interventions, two (66%) supported their effectiveness compared to low moistening interventions; however, two of the three studies were judged to be at high risk of bias, and some reported adverse events.Conclusions:Moisturization interventions show promise for treating nipple trauma and pain more than drying nipples or using breast milk, but high moisturization needs cautious use due to few rigorous trials and the presence of reported risks. Methodological challenges and the lack of robust trials hinder evidence synthesis and robust conclusions.Abstract in Japanese背景： 乳頭損傷や乳頭痛は産褥早期に授乳を断念する要因である。その対処法として、ラノリンやハイドロジェルドレッシングによる保湿療法が提案されている。しかし、乳頭損傷や乳頭痛に対する保湿療法の効果に関する検討は不足している。目的： 本システマティックレビューは、授乳中の乳頭損傷と乳頭痛の治療における保湿の有効性を検討することを目的とした。方法： PRISMA-Pガイドラインに基づく系統的レビューを実施した。7つのデータベースを用いて、体系的に検索とスクリーニングを行い、最終的に24件の文献を対象とした。介入方法を保湿レベルに基づいて高保湿、中保湿、低保湿に分類し、サンプル特性や、介入、および結果について検討した。結果： 高保湿（2種類）、中保湿（12種類）、低保湿（7種類）の合計21種類の介入が特定された。ハイドロジェルドレッシング、ラノリン、母乳の塗布が一般的な介入として使用されていた。介入および効果の測定方法は研究間で異なり、結果の統合は困難であったが、10件（41％）でより高い保湿の介入が効果的であるとされていた。高保湿に分類された3件のうち2件（66％）が低保湿の介入と比較して効果的であるとされたが、2件（66％）はバイアスリスクが高いと判定された文献であり、有害事象の報告もあった。結論： 保湿療法は乾燥や母乳の塗布と比較して乳頭損傷や乳頭痛の対処法として有望であるが、高保湿の対処法には厳密な無作為化比較試験の不足と有害事象の報告があり、慎重な検討が必要である。堅牢な実験研究の不足と方法論的な課題が、結果の統合とエビデンスの確立の妨げとなっている。Back translated by Katsumi Mizuno, PhD, MD, IBCLC

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:Peer support programs may be effective for supporting breastfeeding among diverse groups, and in reducing disparities. This study provides insight regarding the implementation and outcomes of a peer breastfeeding support program.Research Aims:(1) to examine how participation affected the outcomes of breastfeeding motivation, confidence, and coping strategies; and (2) to evaluate satisfaction with the program.Method:This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. Seven pilot sites in the United States uniquely implemented a federally-funded peer support program for low-income women. Data were collected using a survey and focus groups/interviews. Over 12 months, 1,296 women participated, comprising 615 peer support pairs. A total of 401 women responded to the survey. Twenty-three focus groups and 63 interviews were conducted across the seven sites.Results:Participants who enrolled in the program during pregnancy: t (189) = −6.55, p < 0.001, and after the baby was born: t (170) = −2.59, p = 0.001, gained confidence in breastfeeding. More satisfied participants were more likely to breastfeed longer: F (7,352) = 12.75, p < 0.001, and cope with breastfeeding challenges: F (7,352) = 7.83, p < 0.001.Conclusion:Effective operation strategies of the peer breastfeeding support program have significantly influenced participant satisfaction. Introducing peer support for low-income women to share their breastfeeding experiences would be beneficial in enhancing breastfeeding rates. However, the generalizability of these findings may be limited to this U.S. federally-funded peer support program.

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:Subclinical mastitis is an asymptomatic inflammatory condition of the lactating mammary glands possibly associated with premature interruption of breastfeeding and poor weight gain in infants. However, data on human milk composition in mothers with subclinical mastitis are limited and inconsistent. Although human milk from donors with subclinical mastitis may be used after pasteurization if it meets the criteria, whether the composition is suitable for donor human milk remains unknown.Research Aims:This study assessed the human milk composition of participants with subclinical mastitis and verified the safety of donor human milk, including that from mothers with subclinical mastitis.Methods:This cross-sectional survey included 106 milk samples collected between March 2022 and January 2023. Subclinical mastitis status was assessed using the sodium-potassium ratio, which was measured using an ion-selective electrode. The concentrations of lactoferrin and secretory Immunoglobulin A were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. True protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy levels were analyzed using a mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy.Results:In human milk from the subclinical mastitis group, lactoferrin and true protein concentrations were significantly increased compared to those without subclinical mastitis. A positive correlation was observed between lactoferrin and secretory Immunoglobulin A levels.Conclusions:Increased immunological substances and protein concentrations in human milk are similar to those observed in clinical mastitis, indicating an inflammatory response in the body, even in asymptomatic individuals. Immunological substances and proteins are beneficial for preterm infants. Therefore, human milk from mothers with subclinical mastitis is suitable for use by milk banks.

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Exclusive breastfeeding, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first 6 months of life, is a critical metric for evaluating maternal and infant feeding practices and health outcomes. Despite its importance, inconsistencies in defining and measuring breastfeeding exclusivity present challenges for research comparability and interpretation. Equally, research design, outcomes of interest, and study resources are necessary considerations when collecting and analyzing exclusive breastfeeding data, and may require the adaption of standardized questions and techniques to individual situations. This paper explores key considerations for researchers when operationalizing and measuring exclusive breastfeeding. We address the nuances of point prevalence and since-birth measures, highlighting their influence on study outcomes and data interpretation. Statistical approaches for analyzing exclusivity data, including logistic regression, survival analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods, are also discussed. By outlining best practices for precise definitions, tailored data collection, and transparent reporting, this paper aims to provide an overview for precise definition, effective data collection, and clear interpretation.

One in three women will experience Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Exposure during breastfeeding endangers women’s and children’s health and wellbeing, negatively affects breastfeeding, and violates human rig...

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.

Are you a nurse who loves to ensure our education guides our best possible practice as lactation consultants? ILCA is seeking a Lead Nurse Planner (LNP). This remote position is compensated and includes attendance at the ILCA Annual Meeting and Conference. The LNP ensures that ILCA maintains its status as a provider of professional development […]

Breastfeeding rates remain below the globally recommended levels, a situation associated with higher infant and neonatal mortality rates. The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) could help improve a...

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
National staffing guidelines for hospital lactation services do not account for the lactation acuity of breastfeeding patients. Higher acuity breastfeeding couplets require a higher level of knowledge and skill from lactation care providers. In these cases, a referral to an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) is recommended for appropriate management. Use of a lactation acuity classification system as a clinical practice innovation was implemented at Oklahoma University Medical Center to improve the distribution of staff resources for optimal care of breastfeeding patients. Lactation service reports from this facility, a tertiary care teaching hospital, were reviewed to evaluate staffing, number of lactation consults, reason for and acuity of consults, and time spent. The review included over 10,000 lactation consults completed over a 1-year period. Once the lactation acuity system for IBCLC staff was in place, there was an increased mean direct consult time and acuity level with 85% of IBCLC time allocated to high acuity consults. Trained bedside nurses handled most low-acuity patients. The percentage of patients needing a lactation consult who received one increased along with the number of consults per patient. Data on time spent per consult were stratified by acuity, location, and reason for consult, including details on priority consults for neonatal intensive care unit patients. The productivity of the lactation team was higher with the use of a lactation acuity system compared to without it. The data reported support the use of lactation acuity in making recommendations for staffing of hospital lactation services.

Journal of Human Lactation, Ahead of Print.
Background:Pumping is a common practice in the United States, but it can be uncomfortable and lead to concerns about milk supply. The fit of the flange, or breast shield, used while pumping can contribute to or alleviate these problems. Flanges are available in a wide variety of sizes, and there are inconsistencies in guidance provided by healthcare providers and pump manufacturers for parents choosing a size. There have been no studies comparing different methods of sizing in terms of comfort and milk output.Research Aims:The aim of this research was to examine differences in milk output and comfort using two methods of flange sizing.Method:A within-subject cross-over design with a convenience sample of parents exclusively feeding their own human milk was used to compare comfort and milk yield between using smaller-fit and standard-fit flanges. Participants pumped for 1 week with each set of flanges and recorded milk output and comfort outcome measures. Data were collected on participant demographics, nipple measurements, and flange sizes used.Results:When compared to the newer small-size fitting, participants using the standard fit flanges had significantly less milk output (mean difference = −15.0 g, 95% CI [−25.0, −5.0], d = −0.51, p = 0.004) and less comfort (mean difference = −1.2, 95% CI [−1.6, −0.91], d = −1.23, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Flange fitting is a process that should be individualized to the patient and may require a trial of one or more sizes during a pumping session. Smaller sizes determined using this individualized process and starting with nipple tip measurement may be used without compromising milk output or comfort.